AN EXPLORATION OF CLAY AS A MEDIUM OF EXPRESSION: THE ROLE OF TERRACOTTA IN ANCIENT NOK ART AND CULTURE

Abstract

Clay work has been a popular medium in art for many centuries, which offers many artists a versatile and expressive means of creating three-dimensional forms in art. It provides artists with a wide range of creative possibilities and expressive techniques. More so, it is relatively inexpensive and accessible material, making it an ideal medium for artists of all levels. Many countries in Africa and around the world had for long experienced the use of clay (terracotta) as a material or medium of expression in the arts in the past, this is because of its availability, malleability, flexibility and durability. This has made many ethnic groups or ancient cultures in Africa to have delved into terracotta explorations, thereby having their own individual cultural account of the used of terracotta in sculpture and utilitarian items. Some of the ancient cultures that have used clay in the past are Greek and Roman Civilizations, Ancient Egypt, India, Etruscan and Nok Culture among others. The Nok civilization in Nigeria is renowned for its exquisite terracotta sculptures, which depicted various aspects of daily life, including farming, hunting, and ceremonial activities. The paper adopted qualitative research method in carrying out the research using historical approaches to establish the background on Nok terracotta sculptures, while Descriptive approached was used to describe the terracotta sculptures. It is against this back drop that this paper therefore, seeks to explains the concepts of clay and terracotta, it also discusses clay as a medium of expression in Nok art and culture. The paper examines the significance of workshops in Nok culture and the factors that necessitated terracotta to flourished in Nok culture. The paper went further to highlight and discussed the role of terracotta in ancient Nok art and culture. The paper concludes that clay has been a vital medium of expression in ancient cultures. It has also given artists and artisans opportunities to explore and create a wide range of objects.