POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN NIGERIA: PROCESSES, GOALS, AND RESPONSIBLE ENTITIES

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of policy implementation in Nigeria, focusing on processes, goals, responsible entities, and current challenges. Using a qualitative approach through a systematic review of literature from 2020 to 2025, it identifies four main processes: policy formulation and interpretation, resource allocation and mobilization, stakeholder engagement and execution, and monitoring and evaluation. The primary goals include promoting socio-economic development, improving governance, reducing poverty, and enhancing sectoral outcomes in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. Federal and state ministries, along with agencies like the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) and the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC), lead implementation, supported by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society organizations (CSOs), and private sector partners through public-private partnerships (PPPs). Systemic barriers such as corruption, insufficient funding, political instability, and bureaucratic inefficiencies hinder effectiveness. Recent advances, including digital governance and technology-driven PPPs, provide solutions to improve transparency and coordination. The study recommends strong anti-corruption measures, increased budget allocations, digital technology adoption, and inclusive stakeholder engagement to promote sustainable development in Nigeria.